Internet Guide to International Fisheries Law

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Cetaceans

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Commercial whaling

     
General
Legal issues
Moratorium
Revised Management Procedure/System
Small-type coastal whaling
IWC whale sanctuaries
Whaling operations
Norway
Japan

General

Whaling Statistics
Summary statistics of whale catches dating back to 1910, reprodced on the Whaling Library site.

Marine Hunters
Selection of brief articles on commercial and aboriginal marine mammal hunts, published by the High North Alliance in 1997.

Marine Mammal Hunts
List of links from the High North Alliance, including basic information on Norwegian and Icelandic whaling.

Greenpeace: Whaling pages 

WDCS Commercial Whaling pages

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MORATORIUM

Relevant extracts from the Reports of the International Whaling Commission
The Whaling Library site contains the extracts from the IWC Chairman's Reports. The following links are to the relevant extracts from each year available:

1982 Report: Ending of Commercial Whaling
1981 Report: Proposals for Banning Commercial Whaling  
1981 Report: Implementation of a World-Wide Ban on Whaling
1980 Report: World-Wide Ban on Whaling    
1980 Report: Moratorium on All Commercial Whaling   
1980 Report: Moratorium on the Taking of Sperm Whales
1979 Report: World-Wide Ban on Whaling

Irish Proposal
Copy of the Irish compromise, proposed at the 1997 meeting, on the High North Alliance website.

The Technical Flaws of the Irish Proposal (1999)
WDCS briefing on the Irish Proposal.

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REVISED MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE/SYSTEM

The International Whaling Commission and the Revised Management Procedure
Article by G. P. Donovan, published in the High North Alliance publication Additional Essays on Whales and Man, 1995.

Use of the Revised Management Plan for Whale and Fisheries Management
Article by G. L. Swartzman, published in the High North Alliance publication Additional Essays on Whales and Man, 1995.

Review by US Scientists: IWC Quota Calculation Model Deemed Safe
Document on the High North Alliance website.

New Management Procedure
Overview of the earlier management procedure, which the RMP replaced.

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SMALL-TYPE COASTAL WHALING

Relevant extracts from the Reports of the International Whaling Commission
The Whaling Library site contains the extracts from the IWC Chairman's Reports on both the Southern Ocean and the Indian Ocean whale sanctuaries. The following links are to the relevant extracts from each year available:

Japan Small-type Whaling Association
Contains a small number of pages, including a useful Glossary and Issues page.

How Different Are Small-Type and Large-Type Coastal Whaling?
The Government of Japan (1993)

'Commercial' vs. 'Subsistence', 'Aboriginal' vs. 'Nonaboriginal', and the Concept of Sustainable Development in the Context of Japanese Coastal Fisheries Management
The Government of Japan (1994)

Action Plan for Japanese Community-Based Whaling
The Government of Japan (1995)

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IWC WHALE SANCTUARIES

Relevant extracts from the Reports of the International Whaling Commission
The Whaling Library site contains the extracts from the IWC Chairman's Reports on both the Southern Ocean and the Indian Ocean whale sanctuaries. The following links are to the relevant extracts from each year available:

South Pacific Whale Sanctuary (2001) 
The South Pacific Sanctuary (2000)
Two background papers on the Greenpeace whales site.

Literature on-line

Proposed South Pacific Whale Sanctuary
Article by William Burke on the Australia/New Zealand South Pacific Sanctuary proposal, published as OceanLaw On-line Paper No. 4 (2001)

Memorandum of Opinion in the Legality of the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary by the International Whaling Commission
Opinion on the Legality of the Designation of the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary by the International Whaling Commission
Two contrasting opinions by leading authorities, the first by William Burke (published in Ocean Development and International Law, 1995) and the second by Patricia Birnie (presented at the 1995 IWC Meeting).

The Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary: Some Preliminary Reflections (Douglas Johnston)
Discussion Paper on Legal Issues Concerning the Southern Ocean Whaling Sanctuary and Trade Sanctions (Richard McLaughlin)
Two papers from the 'International Legal Workshop on Assessment of Actions of the IWC under the ICRW', organized by the Institute of Cetacean Research in 1996.

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Whaling communities around the world  
Overview of whaling operations (commercial hunting and others) in 11 countries, from the World Council of Whalers.

See also Part 5: Aboriginal subsistence whaling and Part 5: Scientific whaling.

NORWAY

Norwegian minke whaling
Overview from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Facts about whales in Norwegian waters
Overview from the Norwegian Ministry of Fisheries.

Export of Norwegian whale products
Overview from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

High North Alliance

bulletAbundance estiamte of the Central North Atlantic minke whale stock
Extracts from various NAMMCO Reports (1996-1998). 

Norwegian whaling
Brief page from the Greenpeace whales site.

bullet Norwegian whaling
Report for the IWC 53 meeting.
bullet Norway: Commercial Whaling on the Rise
Report from 1999.
bullet Greenpeace Nordic's campaign against Norwegian commercial whaling
bullet Greenpeace International: Norwegian whaling page

WDCS: Norwegian Whaling
Various information from the WDCS, including:

bullet Introduction to Norwegian whaling
bullet Norwegian Commercial Whaling
bullet History of Norwegian whaling
bullet Summary of Norwegian Minke Whaling 2000
bullet Norwegian whaling subsidies
WDCS paper on the subsidising of the Nor
wegian whaling industry.

Norwegian whaling
Information from the World Council of Whalers.

Literature on-line

On the resumption of the Norwegian minke whale hunt
Article by Trond Bjørndal, Jon Conrad and Anders Toft, from Whaling in the North Atlantic - Economic and Political Perspectives, Proceedings of a Conference held in Reykjavik, 1997.

Norwegian Commercial Whaling: Issues for Congress
Congressional Research Service Report from 1996, by Cark Ek.

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JAPAN

Japanese Fisheries Agency: Whaling Pages

Japan and the Management of Whales
Overview from the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Includes the following sections:

bullet The Position of the Japanese Government on Research Whaling
bullet Management of Cetacean Resources
bullet Japan and Management of Whales

WDCS Japanese Whaling
Various information from the WDCS Commercial Whaling campaign, including:

Introduction to Japanese commercial whaling
Japanese Commercial Whaling
History of Japanese commercial whaling
Japan and the IWC
Politics of Japanese whaling
Contaminated Cetacean Products in Japan
WDCS Report from 2000.

Greenpeace Whales: Japan
Basic information on the Greenpeace Whales campaign. Includes the following reports:

Japanese Whaling
Report for IWC53 on the Japanese Fisheries Agency's public relations campaign.
Vote buying
Another report for IWC53.
Japanese whaling
Green
Japan pushes commercial whaling into the new millennium
Greenpeace UK, December 1999peace International, February 2000

Towards Extinction: the Exploitation of Small Cetaceans in Japan
Japan's Senseless Slaughter: An investigation into the Dall's porpoise hunt
Two reports from the Environmental Investigation Agency: Cetaceans Campaign.

A Survey of the Commercial Trade in Whale Meat Products in Japan
A report by TRAFFIC International, prepared in June 2000 for the 53rd IWC Meeting.   

Whaling communities: Japan
Brief overview from the World Council of Whalers.

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